Fabric knowledge
Clothing is composed of three elements: style, color and material. Among them, materials are the most basic element. Clothing materials refer to all materials that make up clothing, which can be divided into clothing fabrics and clothing accessories. Here, I will mainly introduce you to some knowledge of clothing fabrics.
1. Clothing fabric concept: refers to the material that reflects the main characteristics of clothing.
2. Commonly used clothing fabrics
(1) Cotton-type fabrics: refers to fabrics woven from cotton yarn or cotton-type chemical fiber blended yarns. It has good breathability, good moisture absorption, and is comfortable to wear, making it a popular fabric with strong practicality. It can be divided into two categories: pure cotton products and cotton blends.
(2) Hemp fabrics: pure linen fabrics made of hemp fibers and fabrics blended or interwoven with hemp and other fibers are collectively called hemp fabrics. The common characteristics of hemp fabrics are that they are hard and tough, rough and stiff, cool and comfortable, and have good moisture absorption, which is an ideal summer clothing fabric.
(3) Silk-shaped fabrics: It is a high-end variety in the prevention products. It mainly refers to fabrics made of mulberry silk, oak silk, rayon and synthetic fiber filament as the main raw materials. It has the advantages of thinness, softness, smoothness, elegance, gorgeousness, and comfort.
(4) Wool fabric: is a fabric made of wool, rabbit hair, camel hair, wool chemical fiber as the main raw material, generally based on wool, it is a high-end clothing fabric all year round, with good elasticity, wrinkle resistance, crispness, wear resistance, strong warmth, comfort and beauty, pure color and other advantages, which are well received by consumers.
(5) Pure chemical fiber fabrics: Chemical fiber fabrics are loved by people for their high fastness, good elasticity, crispness, wear-resistant and washable, and easy storage and collection. Pure chemical fiber fabrics are fabrics made of pure chemical fibers. Its properties are determined by the properties of its chemical fibers themselves. Chemical fibers can be processed into a certain length according to different needs, and woven into fabrics such as imitation silk, imitation cotton, imitation hemp, elastic imitation wool, and medium-length imitation wool according to different processes.
(6) Other clothing fabrics
1. Knitted clothing fabrics: are made of one or several yarns continuously bent into a circle along the weft or warp direction, and strung with each other.
2. Fur: English pelliccia, leather with hair, generally used in winter cold weather boots and shoes lining or shoe cuff decoration.
3. Leather: all kinds of animal skins that have been tanned and processed. The purpose of tanning is to prevent the skin from deteriorating, and the skins of some small livestock, reptiles, fish and birds are called (Skin) in English, and in Italy or some other countries it is often used to refer to this type of leather with its synonyms.
4. New fabrics and special fabrics: batik, tie-dye, space cotton, etc.
3. Identification of commonly used clothing fabrics
(1) Sensory method
1. Pure cotton fabric: the cloth surface has a soft luster, soft feel, poor elasticity, and is easy to wrinkle. Pinch the fabric with your hands and loosen it, obvious wrinkles can be seen, and the creases are not easy to return to their original shape. Pull out a few warp and weft yarns from the edge of the cloth and twist them to watch, and the fibers are of different lengths.
2. Viscose cotton (including artificial cotton and fiber-rich fabric): the cloth surface is soft and bright, bright in color, flat and smooth, soft to the touch, and poor elasticity. Pinch the fabric tightly with your hands and loosen it, obvious creases can be seen, and the creases are not easy to return to their original shape.
3. Polyester cotton cloth: brighter than pure cotton cloth, the cloth surface is flat, clean and free of yarn or impurities. It feels smooth and crisp, and has better elasticity than cotton. The cloth is loosened after being pinched tightly by hand, the creases are not obvious, and it is easy to return to its original shape.
4. Pure wool worsted wool: the surface of the fabric is flat and smooth, and the weave pattern is fine and clear. The luster is soft and natural, and the color is pure. Soft to the touch and stretchy. Pinch the surface tightly with your hands and loosen it, the creases are not obvious, and it can quickly return to its original state. Most of the yarn branches are double-stranded.
5. Pure wool coarse wool: the surface is plump, the texture is tight and thick. There is fine fluff on the surface, and the weaving pattern is generally not visible. It feels warm, plump and stretchy. The yarn is mostly coarse-threaded single yarn.
6. Wool polyester blended woolen wool: the appearance has a pure woolen fabric style
Grid. The texture of this side is clear, flat and smooth, and the feel is not as soft as pure wool fabric, with a stiff and rough feeling, and the elasticity exceeds that of full wool and wool toe. Pinch the side with your hands and loosen it, and the crease will quickly return to its original shape.
7. Maoqing blended woolen wool: mostly worsted. Strong hair, wool style, and warmth. The elasticity is not as good as wool polyester.
8. Woolen brocade blend woolen velvet: the surface is flat, the hair is strong, the appearance has a waxy luster, and the hand feels stiff. The hand squeezes the woolen material and loosens, there are obvious creases, and it can slowly return to its original shape.
9. Real silk: the silk surface is flat and fine, the luster is soft, and the color is bright and pure. It feels smooth and soft, with a light and elegant appearance. In dry conditions, the silk surface feels pulled to the touch, and there is a “silk sound” when torn.
10. Viscose silk fabric (human silk): the silk surface is bright but not soft, the color is bright, the feel is smooth, soft, and the drape is strong, but it is not as light and elegant as real silk. After pinching the silk surface by hand, it is loosened, there are creases, and the recovery is slow. Hoarseness when torn. After the warp and weft yarns get wet, they are very easy to break.
(2) Combustion identification method List of
characteristics of several commonly used fibers when burning:
Cotton
is close to the flame, does not shrink or melt. Touching the flame, it burns quickly, the flame is orange-yellow with blue smoke. Leave the flame and continue burning. The burning paper has less ash and is linear. The ash powder is fine and soft, light gray, and easy to turn into powder by touch.
Hemp
Same as above, less ash, light gray, or grayish-white, easy to turn into powder by touch.
The silk
is close to the flame and does not melt. Contact the flame and burn slowly. Leave the flame and extinguish it on its own. The flame is orange-yellow and small. The smelly black brown balls of burning feathers or hair are easy to turn into powder when touched.
The hair
is close to the flame, curls and does not melt. When in contact with flames, smoke burns, there are bubbles. Leave the flame and continue burning. Sometimes it goes out on its own, and the flame is orange-yellow. There is a lot of odorous ash from burning feathers or hair, forming a shiny amorphous black lump, which is easy to become ash powder to the touch
Viscose
Close to the flame, burn quickly, orange yellow flame burns paper smell less ash, dark gray or light gray
Polyester
Close to the flame, first shrink, then melt. Contact flame, molten and burning. Leave the flame and continue burning. The flame is yellowish-white, bright, with a thread of black smoke at the top. Special aromatic flavor, black-brown amorphous lumps or small balls, can be crushed with fingers